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Properties and Virtues of the Carnelian

March 8, 2019
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Carnelian frequently accompanies emerald, turquoise and lapis lazuli in ancient Egypt. This blood-red stone, the color of the rising and setting sun, symbolizes the terrestrial life and the passage in the other world. It also represents the disk of solar gods that will become the halo of new religions. This sacred emblem crowns the god Re, Isis and his falcon-headed son Horus, Uræus the female cobra, and Hathor the horned goddess. A great example is the Tutankhamen breastplate exhibited at the Cairo Museum.

Cornalines must be bright and vibrant. In the 18th century, the great naturalist Buffon writes:

Mineralogical characteristics of carnelian

Carnelian belongs to the family of chalcedonies such as agates, jasper, onyx, sardoine, heliotrope or chrysoprase. This quartz, often brightly colored, consists mainly of silica and aluminum oxide. In the vast group of silicates they belong, by their architectural structure, to the sub-group of tectosilicates. These represent more than half of the mineral kingdom of the earth’s crust.

Carnelian is usually formed at low temperatures in volcanic rock cavities. Mainly composed of micro-crystals agglomerated in rounded masses, one can also observe it in the form of veining traversing other crystals. It holds its red color of iron oxide. The intensity of the hue may vary from red blood, the most esteemed, to russet orange.

Confusions and Possible Frauds

The confusion with sardoine is very frequent because it is very similar to him. However, sardoine (or Sardinian) shows a less translucent appearance and especially a browner coloring. Carnelian pulp is also finer than that of agates and does not usually have pronounced zoning. This united aspect also differentiates it from jasper.

For a long time, it is known to accentuate the hue of cornalines by heating, even by a simple exposure to the sun. A heat treatment “embellisher”, commonly allows more common agates to pass for cornalines the real red cornalines of good quality become rare.

Provenances of the Carnelian

The most famous cornalines come from India, mainly from the region of Pune. Other extraction sites are found in Brazil, Peru, Uruguay, the United States (in Washington State), Mali, Scotland, Iceland and Romania.

Etymology of the word “Carnelian”

The traditional explanation is that the carnelian would take its name from the reddish fruit of the dogwood, the cornel. This shrub, of the plant family of the cornaceae, grows in the natural state at the edge of the forests and in the hedges of the eastern Mediterranean countries. The Latin origin of dogwood and dogwood is corneolus (“appearance of the horn”) in reference to the hardness of its core.

A less frequent but probably more accurate interpretation indicates that carnelian comes from carneolus (appearance of the flesh) referring to its light red hue. Our carnelian would then belong to the same family as carnation and other predator and carnivore. The word would have been improperly transcribed corneolus . The Romans mean indifferently carnelian and sardoine of the same name sardus or sarda .

The word carnelian probably originated in the middle Ages. At that time, the language used by scholars was Medieval Latin, an altered form of classical Latin. The corneolus form is most often found in ancient lapidaries, and the Frenchized forms become corneol and then corneline . The inventory of John, Duke of Berry, evokes “two grants cornalynes “. From the sixteenth century, the carnelian takes its current form.

It should be noted that large glass balls, beautifully called “agates” in old playgrounds, become “cornalines” in French-speaking Switzerland.

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The Carnelian throughout History

The Carnelian in Antiquity

The earliest concrete testimonies come from Mesopotamia. They date back to around 2700 BC the remains of Queen Pu-abi were found in the tombs of the ancient city of Ur. She wears countless necklaces and a gold lapis lazuli and carnelian headdress (see illustration below from the Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology, USA).

Excavations at a nearby tomb have revealed a kind of little chest, known as Ur’s Standard. Decorated with friezes of warlike adventures, we see characters and horses made of ivory and mother-of-pearl enhanced with Indian red carnelian. It is visible at the British Museum in London.

The Cabinet des Medailles in Paris has a tiny carnelian from the ancient Cretan Minoan civilization. Dating from the second millennium BC, this intaglio, engraved with great dexterity, represents an eagle removing a heron.

In Egypt, the carnelian protects the pharaoh and the solar gods. We find this sacred stone frequently enshrined in royal ornaments.

The Musée de l’Antique in Arles has a jewel representing this trend, in the form of a ram-headed hawk covered with a cloisonne of multicolored precious stones. The red feathers are made of carnelian. This fabulous bird dates from 1550 BC. Auguste Mariette discovered it in the 19th century during excavations at the tombs of the sacred bulls of Saqqara.

Egyptian lithotherapy also uses carnelian for curative purposes which does not seem the case of the Greeks and Romans. It is however one of the most appreciated stones. The sardines should preferably have a bright, intense red like the flesh, without any haze or unsightly filaments.

Pliny the Elder reports that the purest cornalines have “a figure of heart “. These are male stones from the quarries of ancient Babylon already in ruins in the 1st century AD. It also comes from India, Ceylon, Arabia and Paros and Assos in Greece. These, described as females, often have “tones of honey or terra cotta” much less esteemed.

The Romans place under the carnelian a little dull, a thin sheet of gold or silver to enhance their color as is still practiced today. Besides, the manufacture of jewelry and various small objects, the fine material of the carnelian allows beautiful achievements of colored cameos. It is also used for the intaglio engraving of stamps and “annulus signatorius “(rings to be signed).

The Carnelian in the middle Ages

The West of the middle Ages knows and uses carnelian. Bishop Marbode evokes it from the eleventh century: “The horn is stone oscure (obscure), grant virtue has its nature “. Medieval lithotherapy recognizes him with pleasant qualities:

The carnelian, red as the heart, transmits courage on the battlefield. The heart (the cuer ) symbolizes the courage and the virtues warriors, hence the expressions: “heart to the work”, “high hearts” … Logically, it also evokes the color of the blood, and it is recommended to stop haemorrhages of all kinds.

In the East, its tonic and astringent properties are commonly used. The Chinese exploit another quality of carnelian: its resistance to the heat of the oven. They mix carnelian powder called “ma-nao “with copper oxide to obtain a powerful red for enameling fine porcelain.

The carnelian in the Renaissance

Two types of carnelian are described: one bright red, called “old rock”, comes from the Orient. The other, more ordinary, “cinnabar red”, is commonly found in Germany near the Rhine or in Italy. A scholar, Anselme Boethius Boot distinguishes a third species, very pale, yellow-orange. This Flemish doctor also specifies the indications of carnelian:

Renaissance artists engrave carnelian with great skill. The Cabinet of Medals retains the famous “seal of Michelangelo” that would have belonged to the artist before joining the collection of kings of France.

It is a carnelian of 3, 5 x 2,5cm reproducing intaglio, a scene of finely detailed harvest, populated with fifteen characters and various animals. It has long been thought, as the Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, that this perfectly executed work, dated back to antiquity. In fact, it would be a friend of Michelangelo who would have realized: The famous engraver Pier-Maria de Pescia.

The cathedral of Reims holds a very different treasure, but with the course and history equally interesting. It is the nave of St. Ursula, ship of gold and silver, decorated with carnelian of Japan.

Its history begins in 1500, when the city of Tours offers it to Anne of Brittany. Later, the queen makes it an object of devotion by adding twelve small statuettes: a gold statuette representing St. Ursula and eleven statuettes of holy virgins enamelled silver.

The nave then belonged to Queen Claude of France, then to Henry II, who had it repaired. In 1574, Henry III offers it to the cathedral of Reims on the occasion of his coronation. The nave of Saint Ursula is visible today at the Palais du Tau located near the cathedral.

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The Carnelian in Modern Times

Thanks to the expansion of trade, carnelian loses some of its rarity in Western countries. From the seventeenth century, the famous stones, “old rocks” arrive in large numbers thanks to the VOC, the Dutch maritime trade. They come primarily from Japan where they usually undergo a treatment to enhance their color. These cornalines are frequently exchanged for German agates called “Oberstein”. Multicolored and often herborised, the Chinese particularly appreciate them.

The carnelian becomes a semi-precious stone, very appreciated in goldsmith’s art and for the creation of small objects of decorative or useful objects such as snuffboxes. The pale, yellowish carnelian is always discarded. Edme-François de Gersaint, a merchant of art and natural curiosities in Paris, wrote in the 18th century that carnelian must present a “bright red color of freshly cut flesh”. For the Swedish mineralogist Wallerius, the beautiful carnelian is “like the serosity of the blood”.

Some scholars, however, are interested in imperfect coralines : stained, milky, or crossed irregularities. Jean-Christian Kundmann, doctor-naturalist and antiquary gives the name of “stone of Saint-Etienne” to a whitish carnelian spotted with blood red.

Louis Daubenton, the first director of the National Museum of Natural History, describes a carnelian-onyx, a winged carnelian and a carnelian carnelian. The latter says he is more beautiful and more esteemed than the simple agate of the same name because “its vibrant colors of several shades of red form a delightful picture of small flowering mosses “. At the same time, we discover, on limestone hills near Le Havre, some curious samples of carnelian alternated with chalcedonies “water color”.

In the gallery of coaches of the Palace of Versailles, one can admire a sumptuous sedan with four windows and inside padded with ivory satin. Named “Carnelian”, it is used for the wedding of Napoleon I with Marie-Louise. She accompanies other ceremonial cars with precious names: Amethyst, Turquoise and Topaz.

Napoleon also has real cornalines. The museum of the Army to the Invalides exposes a small gusset lorgnette made of carnelian, suspended with a chain of gold. The emperor uses this miniature telescope in all his military campaigns.

The Virtues of the Carnelian in Lithotherapy

The carnelian symbolizes blood and vitality. It has always been given positive and protective effects, especially for women, children and the elderly.

The Benefits of Carnelian against Physical Aches

Stop bleeding (of all origins)
Activates the healing of wounds
Relieves rheumatism, osteoarthritis
Calm neuralgia, low back pain
Strengthens the circulatory system, the heart
Purifies the blood, protects the kidneys
Relieves stomachaches: colic, colitis, painful menstruation
Facilitates digestion and intestinal transit
Promotes sexual fulfillment (impotence fight, frigidity)
Improves fertility
Strengthens bones and ligaments

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The Benefits of Carnelian on Psychism and Relational

Restores vitality and energy
Transmits the love of life
Removes the fear of death
Fight against apathetic, depressive states
Promotes resolution, success
Facilitates adaptation to new situations
Stimulates concentration and meditation
Strengthens the memory
Give confidence to the shy
Encourages speaking skills and stimulates speech
Increases resistance to adversity, abuse
Soothes anger, resentment and jealousy
Maintains and stimulates creativity
Protects the house

Carnelian essentially activates the root, sacred and solar plexus chakras (in direct contact with the skin). It can be used as a tonic and detoxifying elixir.

Properties and Virtues of Sapphire

March 8, 2019
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The sapphire possesses the beauty of the thrones of paradise. It shows the hearts of the simple, of those guided by certain hope and of those whose life radiates charity and virtue. Well worthy to be worn by kings, the firmament has the color and its beauty seems the sky and its clarity…

Marbode, author of a famous lapidary of the middle Ages describes the fascinating brilliance of sapphire, limpid and deep at the same time. Of the four precious stones (diamond, emerald, ruby, sapphire), it is usually quoted last. The most beautiful virtues are nevertheless associated with him: purity, justice and fidelity.

Mineralogical Characteristics of Sapphire

Sapphire is corundum like ruby, its twin brother. Chromium gives the color ruby red while titanium and iron transmits blue to sapphire. Sapphire is more abundant but the great specimens are exceptional.

Classified in the group of oxides, sapphire has no cleavage (natural plans of breakage). Its facies (aspect) can be pyramidal, prismatic, tabular or in a cask. Of a great hardness, 9 on a scale of 10, it lines all the bodies except the diamond.

Sapphire is formed in metamorphic rocks (rocks transformed by a sudden rise in temperature or pressure) or magmatic rocks (rocks from the center of the earth propelled to the surface following volcanic eruptions). It is found in silica-poor rocks: nepheline, marble, basalt…

Most often, sapphires come from small alluvial deposits known as secondary deposits: rivers descend from mountains carrying stones at the foot of torrents and in the plains. The extraction methods are usually artisanal: dug wells or simple washing of sand and gravel using pans, traditionally wicker. Primary deposits involve difficult extraction of rocks at higher altitudes.

A sapphire must have a nice shine. The milky appearance of a sapphire, then called “chalcedon”, is undesirable. Microscopic cracks causing an effect of ice or foam devalue sapphire, dots and grains as well. All these defects risk lowering the sapphire to the rank of “fine stone”. On the contrary, a sapphire of perfect blue beauty can be worth a great price.

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The colors of sapphire

The colors of the minerals are determined by the more or less minute presence of certain chemical elements. Chromium, titanium, iron, cobalt, nickel or vanadium combine and color various corundum.

Only red corundum, ruby, and blue corundum, sapphire, are considered gemstones. The others, variously colored, are considered as “fancy sapphires”. Their name “sapphire” must be followed by their color, (yellow sapphire, and green sapphire …). Until the late nineteenth century, their relationship is not clearly established, they are called “Eastern Peridot” (green sapphire), “oriental topaz” (yellow sapphire), “oriental amethyst” (purple sapphire)…

A stone sometimes has several clearly differentiated colors or has reflections such as girasol sapphire. The colorless and transparent corundum is a white sapphire or “leucosaphir”. There is a sapphire with a spectacular coral color. Native to Sri Lanka, this rarity bears the special name of “padparadscha” (lotus flower in Sinhalese).

The color of the sapphires can be perceived differently according to the light sources. Some indigo blue sapphires look almost black in artificial light. Others become purple in the light of the sun. Sapphire also has pleochroic properties: the color varies according to the angle of observation.

Sapphire Size

Traditionally, sapphire is cut with diamond dust. The polishing is carried out using a powdered abrasive based on ordinary corundum and declassified: emery also used in the polishing of optical glasses.

Faceted sizes enhance the sparkle of sapphires. Stones with remarkable inclusions, such as the cat’s eye sapphire (forming a vertical line like the cat’s pupil) or the much sought-after star-shaped sapphire (a six-pointed star), will reveal their beauty after an old-fashioned classic size called “en cabochon “.

Deceitful Appellations and Confusions

There are several misleading names:

The “sapphire of Brazil” is a blue topaz often irradiated.
The “spinel sapphire” is actually a blue spinel.
The “water sapphire”, a cordierite.

The saphirine often found in association with corundum, is actually a silicate. It owes only its name to its blue color similar to that of sapphire.

Of producing synthetic sapphire since 1920. They replace natural sapphires in industrial applications. Jewelery also uses them as well as synthetic star sapphires obtained since 1947.

Heat treatments (around 1700 °) and irradiations aim at modifying or correcting the color and the transparency. The use of these methods must be mentioned.

Provenances of Sapphire

Sri Lanka

The sapphires of the Ratnapura region have been known since ancient times. Gems are extracted from the mauve (blue forget-me-not), rare star sapphires, and colored sapphires including padparadscha . And even today, almost half of the sapphires come from ancient Ceylon. Among these, some celebrities:

Logan 433 carats (more than 85 g). Surrounded by diamonds, it is cut into a cushion. Exceptional purity and brilliance can be admired at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington (below left).

The fabulous 563-carat Indian Star (below) and the Midnight Star, 116-carat (above right), astonishing in its violet-purple color. These two wonders are visible at the Museum of Natural History of New York.

Indian cashmere

It is a rare primary deposit unfortunately almost exhausted for forty years. Sapphires, extracted from kaolinite, come directly from the heights of Kashmir at more than 4500 meters of altitude. Deep blue velvety, they are considered the most beautiful of all. The current sapphires supposedly “Kashmir” usually come from Burma.

Myanmar (Burma)

The region of Mogok, cradle of rubies, also contains beautiful sapphires from the pegmatite. In the past, most oriental sapphires came from the independent kingdom of Pegu, located northeast of the current capital Rangoon.

The Smithsonian Institution in Washington displays a magnificent Burmese star sapphire: the 330-carat Asian Star, medium dark blue.

Thailand

Extracts of basalt in the Chanthaburi region and the Kanchanaburi region, the sapphires, of good quality, are dark blue or blue-green sometimes starred. There are also colored sapphires.

Australia

Sapphires were quarried from Queensland basalt rocks as early as 1870 and from New South Wales mines since 1918. Their quality is often average but rare rare black specimens have been discovered there.

State of Montana (USA)

The exploitation of the deposits, on the Missouri shore near the town of Héléna, began in 1894 and stopped in 1920 before sporadically resuming in 1985.

la France

The historic site of Puy-en-Velay in Haute-Loire is exhausted but it would have long provided Europe with sapphires and garnets. Very recently, a discovery of sapphires at the bottom of a river near Issoire in Puy-de-Dôme triggered an exciting scientific investigation. It is a question of retracing the course of the stones to find the primary origin, their place of birth, among the innumerable volcanoes of Auvergne.

Other producing countries include South Africa, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe in Africa; Brazil and Colombia in America; Cambodia and China in Asia.

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Etymology of the name Sapphire

The word sapphire comes from the Latin sapphirus derived from the Greek sappheiros (“precious stone”). Hebrew Sapphire and Syriac Saphilah are certainly the oldest origin of the word. We find in archaic languages the term shapar used to designate first “the things of fire”, then “shiny aspect”, and then by extension “beautiful things”.

One of the Bestiary manuscripts written by the monk-poet Philippe de Thaon around 1120/1130 is written in French, the ancestor of French. It meets for the first time the sapphire in its French form: sapphire. Much later, during the Renaissance, Jean Nicot (famous for the introduction of tobacco in France) published in the dictionary “Thresor of the French language” a slightly different form: sapphir.

The adjective sapphire, or rarer sapphire, characterizes everything from the color of sapphire. There used to be a blue eye drop called sapphire water.

Sapphire throughout history

Sapphire in Antiquity

The Old Testament mentions sapphire several times, especially in Exodus. It is often said that the Tables of the Law would have been sapphire. In reality, sapphire does not refer at all to the material of Tables. It concerns the vision of God by Moses and his companions:

The evocation of the sapphire is more understandable as well and allows noting the antiquity of the symbolism of the stone. The sapphire blue is always associated with celestial power: Indra in India, Zeus or Jupiter among the Greeks and Romans.

Antique sapphire does not always match blue corundum. The sapphires of the Greek scholar Theophrastus (- 300 BC) and the Pliny the Elder sapphires (1st century AD) are perplexing. Their descriptions of golden dots on a blue background rather evoke lapis lazuli. Ceylon corundum, known for at least 800 BC, is more related to cyanus, aeroids of the Romans, or hyakinthos than to the Greeks.

In ancient times, the intensity of the colors is attributed to the so-called sex of the stones. For example, a dark blue sapphire is considered to be a male, while a little pale yellow sapphire is labeled as female.

There are few antique engraved sapphires. The Department of Antiquities of the National Library retains an Egyptian intaglio (intaglio engraving) of the 2nd century BC representing the curly head of a Ptolemaic queen or princess. We also see an intaglio representing the Roman emperor Pertinax who reigned three months in the year 193.

In terms of benefits, sapphire relieves headaches and soothes the eyes (virtues often attributed to blue stones). Dioscoride, doctor and pharmacist Greek (1st century AD), precursor lithotherapy, recommends sapphire powder, mixed with milk to heal boils and other infected wounds.

Sapphire in the middle Ages

From the 4th century, the hordes of Franks, Visigoths, and other invaders settle in our country and bring their know-how. They master a complex goldsmith technique already used in Egypt at the time of the pharaohs: cloisonné. This process consists of creating thin compartments using copper or gold to house various colored stones. This technique will persist in Merovingian and Carolingian art. One can admire at the Abbey of Saint-Maurice, in Switzerland, the reliquary box of Teudéric, the ewer said of Charlemagne, and the vase said of Saint-Martin, all adorned with sapphires.

From the twelfth century, medieval medicine confirms the virtues of sapphire recognized since ancient times:

“To be chaste, pure and clean, without any stain on him when one is wearing it “are the conditions required to enjoy these benefits.

Sapphire is also a stone of freedom if the prisoner is lucky enough to have it in his prison. It suffices then to rub the stone on its irons and on all four sides of the prison. This ancient belief is to be compared to the secret world of alchemists who consider the sapphire as the stone of the air. Does the expression “plays the girl of the air” come from there?

Christendom adopts heavenly sapphire. Symbol of purity, it is frequently associated with the Virgin Mary. The cardinals carry it on the right hand. The pious king of England, Edward the Confessor does the same. According to legend, he would have offered his ring decorated with a beautiful sapphire to a beggar. This poor man would be St. John the Evangelist returned to earth to experience it. In the Holy Land, Saint John entrusts the ring to two pilgrims who bring it back to the English sovereign.

The king is canonized in the 12th century. At the opening of his tomb, the sapphire is removed from him. Enshrined in a Maltese cross, the “Saint Edward’s Sapphire” overcomes since 1838 the imperial crown of Queen Victoria and her successors.

In Italy, the Santa Casa de Loreto (Holy House of Loreto) would be truly the house of Mary. In Nazareth, the place is converted into a chapel since the Apostles. The Crusaders, driven out of Palestine, organize the translation of the house in Italy, by boat, between 1291 and 1294. The three stone walls become a rich basilica and over the centuries, the offerings of the pilgrims constitute a real treasure.

In a story of 1786 for Madame Elizabeth sister of Louis XVI, the Abbot of Binos reports having contemplated a wonderful sapphire. It measured, it seems, a foot and a half high on a base of two feet (pyramid of about 45cm x 60cm). Exaggeration or reality? No one knows because the treasure has totally disappeared today.

The Louvre exhibits a religious work decorated with sapphires dating from the fifteenth century: “the Table of the Trinity.” It is a kind of mounted piece set with precious stones. The sapphires predominate, the largest is intaglio engraved probably effigy of Jeanne de Navarre, Queen of England in 1403. She offers this present to the Duke of Brittany, his son. Anne of Brittany transmits the inheritance to the Royal Treasury of France by her marriage with Charles VIII.

Sapphires adorn jewelry and utilitarian objects. The hanaps (large glass vase-shaped with a lid) are richly provided: golden silver hanap sitting on a fountain-shaped foot garnished with two garnets and eleven sapphires … Hanap or, with a fretelet (button shaped fruit or flower) trimmed with a rose gold and pearls with a large sapphire in the middle. These sapphires encountered in royal inventories do not all come from the East.

Modern Times and Sapphire

The property-named “Grand Saphir” appears in the collections of Louis XIV in 1669. In the absence of written transaction in the records, it is generally considered that it is a gift. This magnificent present, blue velvet color with violet reflections weighs 135 carats and comes from Ceylon. The Grand Saphir comes out a few times from its chest to dazzle prestigious visitors. He is then placed in a gold frame alongside his friend, the blue diamond.

It was long believed that this jewel was a rough stone. In 1801, the mineralogist René-Just Haüy notes that the stone has been the subject of a careful faceting carefully respecting its natural symmetry and its original shape of rhombus. Since its acquisition, Grand Saphir has never undergone other scrap. It is visible at the Museum of Natural Histories of Paris.

The Grand Sapphire is frequently confused with the sapphire of “Ruspoli” but it is about two different gems. The Ruspoli has an almost identical weight, but it is cut differently (cushion-shaped). He also comes from Ceylon where, according to tradition, a poor man, a wooden spooner, would have discovered him. It owes its name to the Italian prince Francesco Ruspoli, one of the first known owners. This sapphire knows an eventful route: sold to a French jeweler, it then successively belongs to the fortunate Harry Hope, to the Royal Treasury of Russia and then to the Romanian Crown. Finally sold to an American buyer around 1950, we do not know what has become of him since.

The origin of the famous sapphire set of Queen Marie-Amélie, wife of Louis-Philippe is also full of mystery. Louis-Philippe, still Duke of Orleans, buys these jewels to Queen Hortense, daughter of the Empress Josephine and adopted daughter of Napoleon I. No writing, no portrait has allowed to explain the origin of the ornament visible in the Louvre since 1985.

In 1938, a young boy found in Australia a black stone with a pretty appearance of more than 200 g. The stone stays in the house for years, it is said to be used as a door-lock. The father, minor, will eventually discover that it is a black sapphire.

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The benefits of sapphire against physical wounds

Relieves migraines and headaches
Soothes rheumatic pains, sciatica
Regenerates skin, nails and hair
Treats fever and inflammation
Strengthens the venous system
Regulates blood effusions
Relieves sinusitis, bronchitis
Improves vision disorders, especially conjunctivitis
Stimulates vitality

It is used as an elixir to relieve headaches and ear pain, purify the skin, fight against acne and strengthen the nails and hair.

The Benefits of Sapphire on Psychism and Relational

Promotes spiritual elevation, inspiration and meditation
Calm mental activity
Soothes anger
Encourages dynamism
Raise fear
Stimulates concentration, creativity
Soothes depressive states
Restores joie de vivre, enthusiasm
Develops self-confidence and perseverance
Regulates hyper-activity
Increase the passions
Strengthens the will, the courage
Promotes sleep and positive dreams

Reload Lithotherapy Stones and Crystals

March 8, 2019
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After purifying and cleaning your stones, it is important to recharge them. This step allows your minerals to regain optimal energy balance, so you can continue to use them and enjoy all the benefits.

There are different ways to recharge lithotherapy minerals. It should be noted that not all will be suitable for all minerals. When reloading your stones, be attentive to their specificity and find out beforehand to avoid any risk of damaging them.

In this article, we will begin by detailing each of the main methods to recharge your minerals: exposure to the sun, exposure to the lunar light, charge in an amethyst geode or on a crystalline mass. We will then detail the techniques to use for some of the most popular stones.

Reload Stones to Sunlight

It is, by far, the most common technique for energizing a mineral. This popularity is related to three things:

The refilling in the sunlight is efficient and fast
This charging technique is simple to implement
The energy we lavish on the sun is free and requires no investment (unlike recharging in a geode for example)

How to recharge your stones in the light of the sun? Very simply, you just need to deposit your minerals on a window sill directly exposed to the sun (and not through the glass) and leave them there for a few hours. Your stone will gorge with sunlight, transform and store its energy, then return it to you when you wear it or work with it.

The amount of time you have to let it load depends on several factors: natural load of the stone, appearance of the sky but also your location on the planet.

The natural energy load of your stone

Some stones are naturally “stronger” than others, and we need a longer reloading time to be at their full potential. A transparent stone like selenite will recharge in the sun much faster than hematite for example. While you can leave the first 1 hour in the sun (preferably in the morning), the second will easily spend several hours or even a whole afternoon.

The appearance of the sky

Is the sky overcast or sunny? This aspect is relatively marginal because, even under a cloudy sky, the sunlight remains extremely powerful and the reloading of your stones will take place. This will nevertheless determine how long you want to leave your stones in the sun. When the temperature is high and the sun hits hard, reloading your stones will be faster than under a gray and rainy sky.

The place where you are on the planet

In the same vein, consider the intensity of solar radiation where you live. Here again, it is a marginal difference, but it is this very slight variation at the astronomical level that creates the great diversity of climates on earth. If you are in Oceania, you naturally have a solar radiation more intense than in northern Europe for example. The reloading of your stone in the light of the sun will thus also be carried out more quickly.

So, how long do you need to recharge your stones in the sunlight? According to the different conditions mentioned above, we could answer “between 1 hour and 1 day”. As you will understand, there is no standard measure that would apply to all your stones in exactly the same way. In the end, it is by getting to know your stones that you will feel when they are recharged and when they need a little more time.

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Reload the Stones in the Light of the Moon

The lunar star does not of course project its own light since it only reflects that of the sun. This reflection has the characteristic of providing a much softer and subtle light, while retaining its original energy. For this reason, it is recommended as a preferred reloading method for more delicate stones that do not tolerate direct exposure to the sun.

How to recharge your stones in the light of the moon? Again, it’s very simple: you just have to put your minerals on a window sill directly exposed to the light of the moon. Again, it is important that this exposure be direct: if you leave your stone behind a closed window, reloading will not happen as well or so quickly.

Even more than in direct exposure to sunlight, the appearance of the sky will play an important role. If the sky is overcast and it is dark, the reloading of your stones will not be able to take place.

Observe the Lunar Cycle

The visible part of the moon will play on the effectiveness of the refill. On a moonless night (what is called in astronomy the “new moon” or “new moon”), you cannot logically benefit from the lunar light to recharge your minerals … Similarly, if you are at first or last crescent and that only a small part of the moon is lit, reloading will not be as effective as during the full moon.

Reloading Stones to the Full Moon

The ideal moon phase for recharging your stones and crystals is therefore the full moon. It is at this moment that the moon reflects, with all its lighted face, the light of the solar star. If in addition the sky is clear, it’s a great way to recharge, not only the more fragile stones that deteriorate in direct sunlight, but all your minerals. Do not deprive yourself of exposing them from time to time; it can only be beneficial to them.

How long to recharge your stones in the light of the moon? In any case, you can leave them for the whole night. If the sky is particularly cloudy or you are in a less enlightened lunar phase and you feel that your rock still needs recharging, you can of course repeat the exposure.

Reload Stones in an Amethyst or Quartz Geode

This technique is certainly powerful, and even ideal, but it involves having a geode or a good size cluster available, which is not always the case. But if you have the chance to use this reloading technique, it’s also the simplest of them all. Just drop your stone in the geode and let it rest for a whole day.

The shape of the geode, which allows the stone to be surrounded and bathe in the energy it provides, is perfect for this type of recharge. Amethyst and quartz geodes are the most appropriate, but it is also possible to use a crystalline cluster. In this case, we will favor the rock crystal. Here too, all you have to do is lay your stone at the top of the pile and leave it there for a whole day.

It is not necessary to expose the geode or cluster in direct sunlight, and this is one of the reasons why this reloading technique can be used with all stones. If you are looking for geodes, you can find some on our online mineral shop.

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Some Popular Stones and Methods for Reloading

Finally, here is a list of some of the most popular minerals and recommended ways to purify and reload them:

Aquamarine

Purification: running water, glass of distilled or salted water, incense

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Yellow Amber

Purification: running water, glass of water

Reloading: moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Amethyst

Purification: sunlight

Reloading: moonlight (ideally full moon), quartz geode

Amethyst Geode

Purification: sunlight

Reloading: moonlight (ideally full moon)

Apatite

Purification: water, incense, burial

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Aventurine

Purification: glass of distilled or salted water

Reloading: sunlight (morning), moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Chalcedony

Purification: running water

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Citrine

Purification: running water, glass of water during the night

Reloading: moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Cornelian

Purification: running water, glass of water during the night

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Rock Crystal (quartz)

Purification: running water, glass of water

Reloading: sunlight, amethyst geode

Emerald

Purification: glass of distilled or demineralized water

Reloading: sunlight (morning), amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Heliotrope

Purification: glass of water

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Hematite

Purification: glass of distilled or slightly salted water

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

labradorite

Purification: glass of water

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Lapis lazuli

Purification: running water, glass of water

Reloading: moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Malachite

Purification: running water, incense

Reloading: sunlight (morning), amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Obsidian:

Purification: running water

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Eye of tiger

Purification: glass of distilled or salted water

Reloading: sunlight (morning), moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Onyx

Purification: glass of distilled or salted water

Reloading: sunlight, moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Moon stone

Purification: running water, glass of demineralised water

Reloading: moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Rose Quartz

Purification: running water, glass of distilled and slightly salted water

Reloading: sunlight (morning), moonlight, amethyst geode

Ruby

Purification: glass of salt water, distilled water or deionized water

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Sapphire

Purification: glass of salt water, distilled water or deionized water

Reloading: sunlight, moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

sodalite

Purification: spring water, demineralized water, running water

Reloading: moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Topaz

Purification: running water, glass of distilled or salt water

Recharging: sunlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

Tourmaline

Purification: running water, glass of distilled or salt water

Reloading: sunlight (the brighter it is, the more exposure will have to be moderate), moonlight (for translucent tourmalines), amethyst geode, quartz clusters

Turquoise

Purification: sea salt

Reloading: moonlight, amethyst geode, quartz cluster

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PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RHODONITE

December 29, 2018
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PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RHODONITE

Rhodonite is a mineral belonging to the group of silicates and the family of pyroxenoids. Its main components are manganese and silicon, with some iron, magnesium and calcium, and its formula is: Ca Mn4 [Si5 O15]. Red in color, it is translucent, rarely transparent. Its brilliance is glassy, pearly and its perfect cleavage. It is found in crystals in the form of prisms or tablets, arranged in aggregates grained and massive, and its crystalline system is triclinic. Rhodonite sometimes has dark red luminescence.

THE COLORS OF RHODONITE

Rhodonite comes in all shades ranging from pink to red-brown, passing through magenta, sometimes with fine gray or black dendritic inclusions.

THE MAIN DEPOSITS OF RHODONITE

Rhodonite is formed by contact metasomatism, or in metamorphic rocks as well as in hydrothermal veins. It is found in manganese ores, and is often associated with other minerals. Thus, in New Jersey in the United States, it is accompanied by calcite, franklinite and willemite, while in North Carolina it is found with galaxite, magnetite, tephroite among others. In Australia, Brooken Hill is associated with galena and spessartine. There are special varieties of rhodonite, such as fowlerite, rich in calcium and zinc, from Nevada and New Mexico; hsihutsunite, very rich in calcium, which comes from the Beijing region of China; and keatingin, a variety of fowlerite particularly poor in MnO18.

THE ADVICE OF OUR GEMOLOGIST: HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR RHODONITE

The choice of a rhodonite is essentially due to its color (pale pink, bright pink, red, with the black spots and lines of the inclusions); as well as the quality of polishing and size. Rhodonite is usually cut into round pearls or cabochons, but other forms are possible. Some Australian rhodonites, quite transparent, are cut into diamonds or degrees.

METALS ASSOCIATED WITH RHODONITE

Rhodonite is a very affordable stone that lends itself to the creativity of jewelers, as well as costume jewelery. It is associated with all types of metals, but rhodonite jewelry is mainly made of silver.

STORIES AND LEGENDS ABOUT RHODONITE

The name of the rhodonite comes from the Greek “rhodon”, pink, root word also of the rhododendron plant or another mineral, rhodochrosite.

In ancient Rome and Greece, rhodonite was worn as protective amulets against the attacks of malandrins…

A trade book dating from the sixteenth century describes this stone as beneficial: it would bring to its owner joy, intelligence and memory all preserving his honor.

This mineral is very popular in Russia, where it has been used to make all kinds of objects and also as decoration material for buildings. Thus, the Tsar Alexander II, who was emperor of Russia from 1855 to 1881, father of 16 children of several different women, became widowed for the first time in 1880. He had made for his deceased wife, Maria Alexandrovna, a tomb carved in a single block of 49 tonnes rhodonite, the largest ever found in the Urals! The sarcophagus itself weighed seven tons. In the museums and palaces of St. Petersburg, one can admire vases, rhodonite basins and even columns covered with this stone.

VIRTUES AND BENEFITS OF RHODONITE

Rhodonite is adorned with many virtues in litho therapy. It would be a balancing stone, protective and restorative.

Balancing, it would calm stress, especially during exams, and the overflowing of emotions; it would regulate the heart rate and activate the heart chakra. It would be particularly effective for adolescents who lack stamina and courage, and it would boost their learning and anxiety management skills. It would also be suitable for people with jealous tendencies, because of its trust-building and relationship-building properties.

Protective, like many gems with soft and pink tones, it would bring tenderness and sweetness, open the spirit of its wearer to others and promote affectionate relationships. On a physical level, it stimulates the immune system to better defend against diseases. It would have soothing properties against insect bites. Finally, it would help to find a good sleep if it is put on his heart at bedtime.

Restorative, it would help to overcome the emotional wounds and trauma of the past. To do this, some recommend taking a bath in which dip a few pieces of rhodonite. It would also have some effectiveness in resorbing painful joint inflammation, if applied to the area concerned. It would overcome negative emotions while giving them a positive potential.

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PINK QUARTZ

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PINK QUARTZ

December 29, 2018
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PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PINK QUARTZ

Rose quartz is a particular variety of quartz, whose formula is SiO2. Like him, it is part of the great family of oxides. It is a silicate dyed by elements such as manganese, aluminum, titanium or phosphorus when it is rather transparent, as well as microscopic inclusions of dumortiérite when it is rather cloudy.

Its crystalline system is trigonal, its conchoidal break. It has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale and its density is 2.65. Transparent to opaque, it has a vitreous, white luster, its pleochroism is weak and it has no fluorescence under the ultraviolet rays.

PINK QUARTZ COLORS

Pink quartz is rarely transparent. Most often, it is inhabited by inclusions that give it a slightly veiled, translucent appearance. Its color varies according to the proportion of the elements which color it, and goes from the pale pink to the peach color. Some examples, especially from Madagascar, when cut in cabochons show a strange white reflection in the form of an asterisk, it is the rose quartz quartz.

MAIN PINK QUARTZ DEPOSITS

This mineral forms mainly in magmatic rocks, such as pegmatites, and sometimes in hydrothermal vents. It appears as large crystals or translucent microcrystals. Quartz is very common on the planet, it is one of the components of the granite and one can see with the naked eye or with a magnifying glass its abundance in the sand of the beaches. It represents 12% of the mass of the lithosphere (the earth’s crust and the upper part of the mantle). The main pink quartz deposits are located in Brazil and Madagascar. It is also found in the United States and Tanzania.

THE ADVICE OF OUR GEMOLOGIST: HOW TO CHOOSE HIS PINK QUARTZ?

It must be verified that the stone has no cracks in which the rose is darker: this would be a sign that the stone has been artificially tinted. The intensity of the color catches the eye, but beware however too large inclusions that weaken the stone. The most beautiful pink quartz has a soft and uniform color.

METALS ASSOCIATED WITH PINK QUARTZ

White gold and silver highlight the sweet tones of pink quartz. There is also a lot of non-metallic pink quartz jewelry because it is often cut into round pearls. Otherwise, it comes in polished cabochons. Particularly pure crystals are sometimes cut to facets.

STORIES AND LEGENDS AROUND PINK QUARTZ

In the Greeks, pink quartz was the symbol of Initiation. For Muslims, it is contemplation and for the Indians it would be the stone of maternal deity. In the ancient Middle East, it was dedicated to Astarte, goddess of love and war. In Egypt, at the time of the Pharaohs, he was believed to be able to slow down the aging of the skin and he entered the composition of beauty masks. Greek mythology tells that Aphrodite, rushing into the forest to save his beautiful Adonis attacked by a wild boar, was bruised in brambles. His blood mingled with the one that oozed from the wounds of Adonis. The drops of their mixed bloods turned into pink quartz stones … Another version of the appearance on Earth of pink quartz quotes the intervention of Eros, god of love,

A pink quartz skull was discovered on the border between Guatemala and Honduras. Like many other skulls carved in stone and discovered in South America and Central America, it would be linked to the legend of 13 skulls. A Maya prophecy says that thirteen crystal skulls, transmitted by celestial creatures to the Atlanteans, will one day be all together for great secrets to be revealed to men … For the moment, they are distributed in different museums by the world…

VIRTUES AND BENEFITS OF PINK QUARTZ

The sweetness of the pink quartz evokes peace, calm and tenderness … This is probably why this stone is considered comforting, it is supposed to heal injuries both physical and emotional. His contact reassures, reinforces self-confidence and the ability to accept oneself as one is. Linked to the heart chakra, this energetic knot of Indian medicine, pink quartz would facilitate breathing and strengthen feelings of love. It would help regulate endocrine disorders. It would have a moderating effect on blood pressure, strengthen the heart and facilitate the elimination of toxins.

This rock soothes and reassures, it opens the spirit to the spirituality and helps to repair the traumas undergone in the past. It would also increase sensitivity and empathy to open up to others.

It would provide protection against one of the ills of our society, namely overexposure to the various and varied waves that pass through our homes. There are lamps carved in large pieces of raw rose quartz, which diffuse a soft and relaxing light and repel bad waves.

Necklace worn, the gem would have the power to calm agitated children, even hyperactive. In case of blue, we can perform a light massage with pink quartz: the hematoma would disappear faster…

ASTROLOGICAL MATCHES OF PINK QUARTZ

Pink quartz in Western astrology is associated with the signs of Taurus and Libra. The bound planet is Venus, symbol of love.

The Chinese integrate pieces of pink quartz in the foundations of their homes during construction, to bring happiness to the home.

Physical and Optical Properties of Smoked Quartz

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SMOKY QUARTZ

December 29, 2018
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PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SMOKY QUARTZ

Smoky quartz is a variety of microcrystalline quartz, which owes its color (all tones of brown) to the natural irradiation or caused by the aluminum salts it contains. It belongs to the group of oxides: it is a silicon dioxide and its formula is SiO2. Smoky quartz is transparent to translucent, rarely opaque, and its luster is glassy. Its hardness is 7 on the Mohs scale and its density is constant (2,65). From conchoidal breakage, it has a trigonal crystalline system. Its fluorescence is variable and its pleochroism is weak.

THE COLORS OF SMOKED QUARTZ

The color of a smoky quartz is due to the radioactivity of the natural environment in which it has grown, the gamma rays having modified the elements and impurities it contains. Brown, gray, dark gray, black, the smoky quartz presents several shades, rarely homogeneous on all the crystal but rather distributed in bands parallel to the faces of the crystal. The Morion variety is black or very dark brown smoked quartz. The Scottish Cairngorm is rather yellow-brown. The quartz champagne recalls the color of the eponymous drink … Some smoked quartz have an effect of asterism (several rays of light on the surface, arranged asterisk) or cat’s eye (a single transverse ray as a pupil cat).

MAIN SMOKY QUARTZ DEPOSITS

Smoked quartz is quite common. It is formed in all types of geological contexts: igneous and magmatic rocks, such as pegmatites, sedimentary rocks, alpine fissures, hydrothermal veins…

The main exploited deposits are in Brazil, Madagascar, Scotland (Cairngorm variety), in Switzerland, in the Ukraine … Haute-Vienne, France, is home to large morion crystals, especially in the Monts d’Ambazac, a small massif located on the western edge of the Massif Central.

THE ADVICE OF OUR GEMOLOGIST: HOW TO CHOOSE HIS SMOKED QUARTZ?

Smoky quartz is a financially affordable stone, whose physical characteristics make it easy to work with, thus making it possible to make a wide variety of smoky quartz jewels. It can be cut in a variety of shapes: cushion, square, pear, round, emerald, briolette, cabochon, egg, sphere, shuttle, princess and many other products of the talent of lapidaries. They find there to exercise all their creativity, because it is possible to work large pieces of smoked quartz at very affordable prices.

The deepest and most translucent colors are the most appreciated, with the least possible inclusions, and this beautiful slightly misty clarity that makes all the charm of this mineral. You should know that all the beauty of smoky quartz flourishes in the soft light of the sun, especially in the morning and late afternoon, while it is less valued in artificial light.

STORIES AND LEGENDS ABOUT SMOKY QUARTZ

The smoky depths of this type of quartz inspired fortune-tellers, especially in the nineteenth century: unlike crystal rock, perfectly clear, smoked quartz assured them to keep invisible to the laymen all the mysteries that revealed to them their balls of divination…

The castle of Braemar, of the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, located in the North of Scotland, contains a huge smoky quartz crystal which weighs more than 23 kilos! Smoked quartz was widely used in Scotland, especially to decorate Scottish kilts and make pretty brooches, as well as handles of daggers: called “sgian dhu”, these traditional highland daggers are worn inside the sock so that we see beyond the handle. The latter should preferably match the spit…

Much bigger crystals are still found in Brazil (more than 300 kg), but in Swiss Valais, we found in 1757 century a smoked quartz crystal of 600 kg! As for the famous Washington museum in the United States, the Smithsonian Institution, it presents among its collections of gems a faceted cut crystal of 4500 carats, that is to say 900 grams…

VIRTUES AND BENEFITS OF SMOKY QUARTZ

In litho therapy, smoked quartz would be considered the stone of responsibility and refocusing. Thus, it would calm the too strong emotions that confuse the effective thought, and thereby improve the lucidity and the concentration. By helping to think about and eliminate irrational fears, anxieties, internal contradictions, smoky quartz would strengthen not only self-confidence but also the ability to open up to others and make the right decisions. He would drive out morose thoughts and fight depression. If the expectations of its bearer are too idealistic and far from reality, it would promote the awareness and refocusing of energies on more reasonable objectives, more accessible, avoiding failures and disillusionment.

From a physical point of view, it would help fight smoking (as well as any other form of addiction, for example to alcohol or drugs), strengthen the connective tissue and muscles (especially the heart), as well as as the kidneys, pancreas and genitals. Thus, it would have beneficial effects on fertility. The morion, the darkest of the smoked quartz, would be associated with Aries while the lighter varieties would be related to the signs of Scorpio, Libra and Capricorn. The corresponding planet is Pluto or Saturn, depending on the case.

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PEARL

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PEARL

December 28, 2018
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PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PEARL

The pearl is a biomineral, that is to say a rock of organic origin. It is made in a natural way by some bivalve molluscs, in the same way as the nacre that lines their shell. The pearl consists of thin concentric layers of aragonite crystals (calcium carbonate, CaCO3 formula) bound and supported by proteins. It is formed spontaneously when the mollusk reacts to the presence of an impurity or other foreign body that enters the shell (the nucleus), covering it gradually with mother-of-pearl.

White pearls are the densest (2.65 to 2.75). Under black light, the pearls develop whitish luminescence (for white) or red-brown (for black).

The pearls can be cultured by introducing a graft into the shells.

PEARL COLORS

The color of a pearl depends on three factors:

– the color: it goes from white to black through silver, gold, green, blue … It depends on the species of the mollusc producer, the composition of its environment, and the nature of the nucleus. The colors are coded by letters, each culture zone identifying a well-defined palette of hues. And for each hue, you can add a number from 00 (bright) to dark (100).

– The features: these are secondary colors that appear on the base color, in a translucent layer. Their presence is not systematic.

– The east: this is the name given to the optical phenomenon of iridescence when we speak of mother-of-pearl or pearls. The more aragonite layers are thin and numerous, the more these moving iridescence is developed.

THE MAIN TYPES OF PEARLS AND THEIR HARVEST AREAS

The abalone pear (Haliotis pie, Haliotis Kamtschatkana, mollusc also called abalone) is the most beautiful and the most precious, because its culture is not yet developed: it is therefore found in a natural state in … only one abalone out of 100,000! Hence its rarity among jewelers. Rich in color, with remarkable luster and brilliance, it is found on the west coast of the American continent, in Australia and New Zealand.

Akoya pearl, round and shiny, white to yellow, is produced in Japan and China by the oyster Pinctada Fucata.

The Tahitian pearl, produced in French Polynesia, is generally large in diameter and dark in color, from eggplant to black. The mollusk is the oyster Pinctada Margaritifera

The Pearl of the South Seas and Australia are from the Pinctada Maxima oyster (Philippines, Indonesia, Australia), they can be many colors.

Freshwater Pearls are the work of various species of mussels and are grown in China and Japan. Each mold can produce up to 50 beads at a time! Among them, the Biwa pearl comes from Lake Biwa in Japan.

Keshi pearls, highly appreciated by jewelers, are fortuitously produced alongside pearls provoked voluntarily by pearl farmers. Those of Tahiti are very famous.

Conch pearls, very rare, are not grown but found by fishermen in a shell called Lobatus Gigas.

The Melo Melo Wild Beads, in the South Seas, can measure up to 40 mm!

THE ADVICE OF OUR GEMOLOGIST: HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR PEARL?

The value of a pearl is based on several criteria: its shape, its luster, the quality of its surface, its size and its color.

-The shape: the pearls come in the following eight forms: round, semi-round, button, oval, pear, drop, baroque, and ringed.

– Luster: natural pearls often have a thicker mother-of-pearl, and therefore more durable and lustrous, than cultured pearls. The 4 categories of luster are: excellent, good, pale, weak.

– The quality of the surface is defined by 4 letters, from A (slight imperfections, on 10% maximum of the surface) to D (imperfections on 60% of the surface).

– the size in millimeters: most pearls have a diameter turning around 7 mm, but those of Tahiti and the South Seas go up to at least 18mm. The biggest pearls take 5 years to form.

– The color: according to the use that one wants to make, the choice of the color and thus the origin of the pearls will be important.

Sometimes, we find a tiny letter to qualify the pearl: “c” for classic, “r” as rare, “e” as exceptional.

METALS ASSOCIATED WITH PEARLS IN JEWELERY

Pearl jewelry is as good with silver and white gold as with yellow or pink gold.

STORIES AND LEGENDS AROUND THE PEARL

In China, in the third millennium BC, the pearl was collected as a tax payment. In Suza, Iran, we found an Achaemenid necklace with 216 pearls dating back to four centuries before Christ. Hindus say that Krishna would have gathered the first pearl in the depths of the sea, to offer it in adornment to his daughter on the day of his wedding.

Three Japanese invented the grafting process to produce cultured pearls with oysters: Kokichi Nishikawa, a biologist, Tatsuhei Mise, a carpenter, and Kokochi Mikimoto, son of a noodle seller, had the same idea almost at the same time. But by the thirteenth century, the Chinese knew how to cultivate pearls of freshwater mussels, and today they produce about 500 tons per year.

A beautiful Polynesian legend tells that the young princess Hina, on the island of Raiatea, was betrothed with a handsome young man, who offered him on the occasion of splendid pearl jewels. Happy, the girl promised to wear them only from her marriage, and in the meantime she had them guarded by armed men who watched them day and night. Despite this, a rejected suitor, Hiro, appealed to her on another subject. She had to refuse his request, and it was too much for Hiro who, seeking revenge, managed to steal the jewels and flee to the neighboring island of Huahine. The princess, weeping, sent against Hiro a huge dog with prodigious strength and flair. The mastiff hurried after the robber and rejoined the island of Huahine. Hiro hurried to bury his booty under a rock and then fled to the mountain. The dog manages to find the jewels thanks to its flair: he put his paw on the rock, and his gigantic footprint is always visible. Of course, the princess married her betrothed…

VIRTUES AND BENEFITS OF THE PEARL

The pearl is soft, tender and feminine. Like mother-of-pearl, it provides soothing and well-being; it would have positive effects on decalcification problems. Centuries ago, it was already used to treat dementia and epilepsy, as well as depression. In India it was given multiple benefits; especially against phthisis, ophthalmological problems, haemorrhages … Hindu medicine always uses powder, to revive energy, especially sexual. In the East, it is attributed virtues in connection with fertility and an aphrodisiac character.

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MOON STONE

December 28, 2018
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PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MOON STONE

The name moonstone is used as a trade name, to designate a mineral from the group of silicates and the family of feldspars. It is more precisely a variety of orthoclase which, when it is in the form of pure crystals, is called adular. Orthoses have the formula: K [Al Si3 O8]. Moonstone has a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, and a density of between 2.53 and 2.6. It is a transparent to translucent stone, with a vitreous and pearly luster, a conchoidal or sketchy break. It comes in crystals, pieces or aggregates grained, mostly coarse. Its luminescence is variable according to the color (bluish or orange) but remains weak.

COLORS OF THE MOON STONE

Moonstone is usually colorless, but it can be white or have bluish shades. It is characterized by the famous reflection of a silvery blue, which gives the impression of sliding on the surface of the stone according to the movements that are printed to it. It is this optical phenomenon that is called adularescence. Beware, the gemstone called “Rainbow Moon Stone” is actually a variety of labradorite, another mineral. The Royal Blue Moon Stone has a beautiful transparency and bright blue reflections. The variety of Sri Lanka is pale blue that of India shows a cloudy texture on a beige-brown to orange background.

THE MAIN DEPOSITS OF PIERRE DE LUNE

Moonstone is formed in plutonic and alkaline rocks, particularly in granitic pegmatites, as well as in metamorphic rocks, and sometimes in hydrothermal veins.

The exploited deposits are mainly in India and Sri Lanka, but they are also found in the United States, Madagascar, Burma, Australia and Brazil, as well as in Tanzania.

THE ADVICE OF OUR GEMOLOGIST: HOW TO CHOOSE THE MOON STONE?

To merit this poetic appellation of Moonstone, the adular must have a color devoid of yellowish tones, but instead have rich blue and silver reflections. The most beautiful gems have become quite rare and their price tends to increase. They show a very beautiful depth and clarity. The varieties “cat’s eye” (a transverse reflection) or “star” (several reflections arranged in asterisk) are very rare. The size is almost always in the form of cabochon, whose orientation is chosen to reveal all the splendor of the reflections of the gem. It is necessary to avoid all friction with abrasive materials because the stone of Moon is easily scratched.

METALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOON STONE JEWELERY

Most jewelry with a moonstone is silver jewelry or white gold jewelry, because these metals in soft tones and rather cold harmonize perfectly with the lunar evocation of the gem and allow him to reveal all its discrete beauty.

STORIES AND LEGENDS AROUND THE MOON STONE

The Moonstone, so named because of its color, a milky white tinged with blue, like the nocturnal star, is sometimes called hecatolite: it refers to the Greek goddess Hecate, one of the three lunar goddesses. His companions are Artemis and Selene: the latter gave the name to another rock, selenite, which is a variety of translucent gypsum colorless to whitish. The Sanskrit name for the Moon Stone, “chandrakant”, means “beloved of the moon”…

In the Middle East, women wore moon stone to increase their fertility. In the West, in the middle Ages, some thought that couples of lovers could have a vision of their future if they placed a Moon stone in their mouth…

The Moon stones that adorn the threshold of Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka have nothing to do with our mineral, contrary to what we can sometimes read: they are carved friezes arranged in semicircles which symbolize the gradual access to knowledge and nirvana.

A legend tells that Pope Leo X had a Moon Stone that changed color, going from white to blue following the phases of the Moon!

Moonstone was often used at the time of the emergence of Art Nouveau, for decorative objects, including Lalique, which still makes jewelry with this gem.

VIRTUES AND BENEFITS OF THE MOON STONE

Moon stone has been associated in all cultures with the feminine principle, called Yin in Chinese medicine, as the Moon is the female star, while the Sun symbolizes the male principle. It represents the light that reassures in the darkness.

In lithotherapy, it would have healing properties against female disorders (inconvenience of menopause, infertility, menstrual pain …). It would promote eroticism and marital happiness. It would increase intuition, essentially feminine quality, as well as softness and tenderness, and develop tolerance. It would promote the full development of maternal love and soften the temperament of people a little too severe…

The Moon Stone would bring happiness and reduce the risk of accident. It would be for that the asset of the travelers.

ASTROLOGICAL MATCHES OF THE MOON STONE

The Moonstone would be associated with the signs of Pisces, Capricorn, Cancer, and Aquarius. It would correspond to Monday and the planet Uranus. Moonstone is the birthstone of people born in June, and its lucky character would make it a nice gift for … the lily of the valley wedding (13 years old!).

Properties of Opal

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPAL

December 28, 2018
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PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPAL

The term opal refers to a family of minerals composed of silica and water with inclusions of various elements. Its chemical formula is SiO2, nH2O, it is a hydrated silicon dioxide. The proportion of water varies from 1 to 27%. There is no crystalline system. The density of opals varies from 1.98 to 2.50, their hardness on the Mohs scale is 5.5 to 6.5. Under the ultraviolet rays, the opals have a white, yellow, greenish-yellow or green luminescence.

DIFFERENT COLORS AND VARIETIES OF OPALS

There are several varieties of opals. The noble opals, much sought after in jewelery, exhibit a phenomenon of iridescence, that is, they show a play of multicolored flashes of light. They are produced by diffraction of light on silica nanospherules of uniform size and arrangement. Common opals, on the other hand, contain heterogeneous or irregular nanospherules, and therefore have a single color.

Here are some types of opals:

– Fire opal, red hyacinth to fire red, transparent to translucent;

– Milky white opal, milky white to yellow-white or blue-white, translucent with a vitreous luster to matte; some have veinlets and masses of manganese oxide, these are dendritic opals.

– The woody opal consists of trunks or opalized branches. The dark circles of the wood are clearly visible. This opal is fragile.

– The hydrophane (or opal matrix) is white, matte and sticks to the tongue. Rather opaque, it has the property of changing appearance if it plunges into the water. It becomes more transparent and can become more emotional.

– Hyalite has great transparency; it is colorless with slight blue or green shades.

– The jelly opal is gray-blue with some light

Effects – The harlequin opal has beautiful iridescent glitter of all colors, it is very popular.

Healing Crystal Crocoite Stone

The opal is formed when water leaches silica and deposits it on layers of sandy clay during a drought. It is sometimes found instead of shells or bones. The location of the gems in the mine is therefore unpredictable, they must be searched by hand or with small machines to avoid the risk of breaking.

In the past, opals came from Egypt, India or Saudi Arabia. Nowadays, it is Australia that produces 90% of the opals sold in the world, precious gems and very high quality. These deposits were discovered by the German geologist Johannes Menge and 1849. One of them, Lightning Ridge, revealed opalized dinosaur skeletons.

Other opal producing countries are Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Russia and the United States.

THE ADVICE OF OUR GEMOLOGIST: HOW TO CHOOSE HIS OPAL?

There are so many kinds of opals, so many different colors that the first criterion of choice obviously remains the tastes of each. However, the value of an opal depends on several criteria:

– the color of the iridescence: the red light effects are the most sought after, then come purple, pink and turquoise, very rare, and finally blue and green , more common.

– The intensity of the iridescence: in general and opal with a less prestigious color than others but with very bright and intense irides will have a price higher than a more sought-after color but with duller flakes.

– Transparency is also an important evaluation criterion, depending on the variety of opals.

– the motif: for example, Yowah’s opals have mosaics of extraordinary colors, which make the stone look like stained glass or cloisonné enamels.

METALS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH OPAL

The wide variety of opals gives free rein to the creativity of jewelers. We see this stone associated with gold, silver and prestigious platinum.

STORIES AND LEGENDS AROUND THE OPAL

The word “opal” comes from the Sanskrit Upala, through the Greek “opallios” which would indicate the color changes.

Some Aboriginal groups in Australia have a very poetic legend in their mythology: the creator god would one day descend on the Earth by sliding on a rainbow. No sooner had he set foot on the ground than all the stones would have sparkled, the same colors as the rainbow…

For Pliny the Elder, the opal was wonderful because it combined the colors and qualities of all other precious stones.

It is said that Marc Antoine dreamed of acquiring the magnificent blue opal of a senator named Nonius, with the aim of offering it to the beautiful Cleopatra. But the senator in question, rather than give up his stone, preferred to choose exile…

In India the opal is the symbol of the Trinity (Trimurti) formed by the creator god Brahma, the conservative Vishnu and the destroyer Shiva.

It has long been considered a lucky charm and present in the treasures of the European Courts. This beautiful reputation was once shattered by the influence of a nineteenth-century novel written by the Scottish Walter Scott, in which a princess is accused of being demonic. She wears an opal on the forehead and, in contact with the holy water, the gem loses all its colors and the princess is in pain … before disappearing, leaving behind only a handful of ashes.

VIRTUES AND BENEFITS OF OPAL

The Greeks believed that opal was a source of hope and a symbol of purity. She was known to increase clairvoyance, to make meditation and reflection easier, to improve intuition.

Today in lithotherapy, we continue to attribute these virtues to opal. It calms and soothes, promotes love and tenderness, improves the sentimental life of Gemini and Aquarius. It opens the spirit to spiritual life and restores vitality to tired people.

ASTROLOGICAL CORRESPONDENCE OF OPAL

Opal is the birthstone of people born in October. It is associated with several astrological signs: aquarius, gemini, fish, cancer, virgin … in Chinese astrology, it is the stone of the Serpent: it has mysterious depths, gives endurance and courage, and makes … invisible.

Healing Crystal Crocoite Stone

Rubellite Stone Meaning and Uses

September 22, 2018
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Rubellite Stone Meaning and Uses

Rubellite – a relatively inexpensive stone. But the witticisms who believe that the name “rubellite” arose because the stone is cheap and its main property is the ruble of the price. Pyatikaratny rubellite – with proper quality and with a deep uniform color – can be estimated at two and a half thousand dollars. Although rubellite is smaller and not the most beautiful color can cost ten and fifteen times less.

The intensity of the color of rubellite is determined by the concentration of manganese in the crystal. Nature seemed to take care that manganese was not boring in the company of other elements: the chemical formula of rubellite takes a whole line. But it is manganese that makes rubellite stone truly beautiful.

Beauty is the main property of the gem. The best rubellite is like a color standard for plant breeders, garden raspberry breeders.

Rubelus means “red”

Rubelus, in Latin, means “red.” However, rubellite is a mineral that is slightly bluish red. Meets pink rubellite. In this case, both the red and pink color of the precious gem fully corresponds to the natural color of the raspberry berry in different stages of maturity. The most expensive rubellites intensity of tone is close to a ripe cherry.

Possessing a sufficient index of refraction, crystalline rubellite attracts buyers by playing light in a stone. Jewelry properties of the gem are appreciated!

Painted in the color of an overripe cherry, the mineral ceases to be rubellite and turns into siberite. There is nothing to be surprised: gemmological relatives of tourmaline (rubellite and siberite are species of tourmaline) are numerous and ubiquitous.

Where does rubellite live?

Uralic mines and stone deposits east of Lake Baikal, the Lanka Mountains and the Madagascar deposits give the world the most beautiful rubellite. Especially large crystals “grow” in Brazil. A record large druse of crystals of Brazilian rubellite weighed four tons. Individual branches of this splice reached a meter length at a half-meter section.

Large and Californian rubellites. But not the size and weight distinguish the best stones of this variety of tourmaline. Colour! Rubellites from the Italian island of Elba are considered the most attractive. For the richness of shades of pink color, the rubellites of this island received a personal name, and are called elbaites.

Stone, valued by history

Rubellite, now stored in the Diamond Fund, and shaped like a bunch of grapes, was rumored to be an ancient Chaldean sorcerer. The old mage did not buy a stone, but with a cunning trick he lured the demon, who brought out the crystal from hell.

A millennium later, the famous gem became the property of Julius Caesar. True, by the time the red stone rubellite properties magical podrasteril, and ensure its owner the unimpeded movement through walls and mountains could no longer. As a result, Caesar died a martyr’s death, and a luxurious crystal disappeared for centuries.

More than 1,500 years after the death of the Roman emperor, the ancient rubellite again became the center of attention. Presented as a gift to the Russian Empress by the Swedish king, the stone was accepted with favor, and relations with the donor state improved.

However, the infernal nature of the ancient crystal proved itself. The war with Russia in Sweden did happen, and the Swedes did not bring glory: having lost the generation of a demonic force, the country lost the ability to win. Since then, Sweden is not involved in military conflicts…

Therapeutic magic rubellite

The magical properties of rubellite known to contemporary esotericists do not inspire fears to the owners of these gems. Corrected in gold rubellite is extremely beneficial for the sphere of human heart attachments. Love stone magic is positive and constructive. Presented as a gift (and necessarily accepted with joy), rubellite becomes a pledge of long and bright relations.

The best way affects rubellite and on health. When wearing rubellite on the arm, the glands of internal secretion are normalized. The rubellite pendant, worn in the projection of the heart, helps the realization of the pumping function of the heart muscle.

Important and medicinal properties of rubellite in the part of normalizing the mental state of a person. The owner of the pink gem knows no problems with sleep, easily finds the optimal balance between work and entertainment, gets rid of anxiety and anxiety.